INTRODUCTION

Dermatofibroma is a common benign skin tumor, most often occurring as a solitary lesion. Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas (MDF) have been reported is few cases. They are characterised by the presence of eruption reported within a short period of time of at least 15 lesions. This entity is commonly occurring on patients with underlying disease which is on more than 80% of cases an immune-mediated disease. In this report, we describe an additional case of multiple dermatofibromas.

CASE REPORT

A 70 year old woman presented with multiple (more than 15) yellowish and irregular papules and nodules developed within a period of 2 months (Fig. 1). They were distributed asymmetrically all over arms and thighs, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter. She had medical history of chronic renal failure requiring regular dialysis since 10 years. There was no other systemic disease or any evidence of immunodeficiency.

Clinical examination revealed several firm, slightly raised yellowish nodules, ranging from 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter. The patient underwent excision-biopsy of a lesion of the arm.

Microscopic examination showed an epidermal hyperplasia with fibroblastic cell proliferation extending into the deep dermis. It was made of whorling fascicles of spindle cells with excessive collagen deposition (Figs. 2–4).

DISCUSSION

Dermatofibroma (DF) is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor which commonly occurs as a solitary lesion over lower extremities, more frequently in women than men. Few cases of multiple eruptive dermatofibromas have been reported accounting for less than 0.3% of all dermatofibromas.

Although the etiopathogeny of this entity is still unknown, they have been frequently reported in association with autoimmune diseases or altered immune states, such as, in patients with HIV infection, lupus, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or organ transplant [1–4]. Aetiology of MDF is unknown. However, more than half of patients have underlying diseases, and more than 80% of the underlying diseases are immune mediated. MDF may be associated with autoimmune diseases or altered immune states, such as, in patients with HIV infection, lupus, dermatomyositis chronic myelogenous leukemia, or organ transplant. Also, Immunosuppressants drugs such as methotrexate and corticosteroids might cause MDF [5].

In this condition, multiple DF may be considered as a potential manifestation of an immune-mediated disease. Familial cases suggesting a genetic disorder have also been reported [6]. Our review of literature revealed that 22 of 72 subjects were otherwise healthy [7].

In this report, we describe the case of multiple DF occurring in a patient on dialysis for chronic renal failure but without any evidence of other immunosuppressive condition.

To our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously.

Many authors have defined “multiple dermatofibromas” as the presence of at least 15 lesions appeared in a short period of time [8]. Given that incipient cases might be omitted, appearance of 5 to 8 dermatofibromas in 4 months has been proposed as sufficient to establish diagnosis. They are predominantly occurring on women and usually asymptomatic lesions, but itching has been reported in some cases. Eruptive dermatofibromas generally present characteristic pathologic features distinguishable from the sporadic cases. They are commonly showing a poorly circumscribed lesion epidermal hyperplasia, prominent bundles of collagen and a diffuse proliferation of fibroblastic cells. It may present a storiform pattern extending into the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

CONCLUSION

Because of its frequent association to immune-related disease, diagnosis of multiple eruptive DermatoFibroma should always lead us to rule out an underlying systemic diseases or the possibility of immunodeficiency of the patient. However, in our case, investigations didn’t reveal any evidence of systemic disease or immune deficiency. Possibility of immune disorder due to dialysis may be considered.