Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, pruritic and chronic condition of complex etiopathogenesis with implications for hereditary factors and environmental antigens [1]. Atopic dermatitis can be considered as a systemic disease [2], its clinical diagnosis is done by the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party.

DA is a model of polygenic inheritance that is accompanied by stimulations of secretion of polypeptide substances and chemical mediators with vasoactive activity [1]. Some metabolic manifestations such as obesity and some idiopathic nephrotic syndromes are described in AD [3,4]. The occurrence of arterial hypertension during atopic dermatitis has been suggested [5].

The authors conducted a hospital study to look for a link between AD and common vascular pathologies such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. The interest of this study is to advocate early detection and prevention of vascular diseases in children with AD.

It is a transversal and analytical study, carried out in University of Brazzaville Medical Center in consultation from January 2015 to July 2016. The study is made by a Dermatologist and a nephrologist hospital-university.

Inclusion criteria were: patients aged 0-15 years with AD. Exclusion criteria were: urinary tract infection or other active infection, ongoing or long-term steroid therapy.

The clinical and laboratory parameters studied were: body mass index, personal and family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, ambulatory blood pressure measurement with a suitable cuff, fasting blood glucose, blood count, C reactive protein, cytobacteriological examination of urine, ADDIS count, serum immunoglobulin E (IGE), microalbuminuria.

Microalbuminuria was performed on urination, it was considered positive when it was greater than 20ml/g.

The diagnosis of AD was made thanks to the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party. The severity of the AD was defined by the SCORAD index.

The information was recorded on cards. Data analysis was done by SPSS for calculating averages, standard deviations and correlations.

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory, pruriginous and spongiotic disease [6]. It is considered a systemic disease [2]. prevalence of AD is high but varies by study [7-9]. The classic feminine predominance is found in our study [10]. The penetrance of AD is variable, comorbidity is common [11] other manifestations of atopy are often associated. In the study, 16.25% of children were asthmatic, 24.7% had AD strict.

The physiopathology of AD is complex [1]; it is accompanied by stimulations, secretions of chemical mediators and a high cellular activity [12]. These mechanisms are arguments for an alteration of the endothelial tissue. There is a relationship between inflammatory mediators and vascular and metabolic risk factors: interleukin 6 induces insulin resistance [13], cytokines (TNF, IL6, interferon gamma) have a pro-inflammatory role [14], T h 1, T h 2 regulatory T lymphocytes, whose activity is crucial in AD, induce atherosclerosis [15], podocyte damage is found in the idiopathic nephrotic syndromes of atopic subjects [16].

The arguments for a vascular predisposition in our study are: 82.5% of first degree parents were diabetic and or hypertensive, the positivity of microalbuminuria in 53.75% of children.

The association of AD with obesity, diabetes and arterial hypertension is gaining acceptance [17,18]. The link between idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and atopic dermatitis has been suggested [4,16]. In our study 26.25% of children were obese. No child was hypertensive or diabetic. For Zhang [19], obesity is controversial in AD but is frequently reported in studies such as Kusunoki [3] and Lim [20]. The small sample in the study did not allow us to associate obesity with AD. Microalbuminuria reflects either a rise in capillary pressure or an alteration of the triple glomerular barrier or a generalized endothelial dysfunction it is a risk factor cardiovascular whose interest is established in the management of diabetes and high blood pressure [21]. Positive microalbuminuria appeared to exist independently of age, more than half of the patients had positive microalbuminuria. We did not find an explanation for the peak before the age of two. The positivity of microalbuminuria appeared to be related to the elevation of immunoglobulin E and the severity of AD.

The existence of pathological microalbuminuria in children with AD seems to be relevant. It seems important to systematically look for personal and familial vascular risk factors in children with AD, to ensure optimal prevention of common vascular diseases.