Extra-genital lichen sclerosus in a patient with anti-SS-A antibody

Tatsuhiko Mori, Toshiyuki Yamamoto

Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan

Corresponding author: Prof. Toshiyuki Yamamoto, E-mail: toyamade@fmu.ac.jp

Submission: 29.09.2018; Acceptance: 10.12.2018

DOI: 10.7241/ourd.20193.27

Cite this article: Mori T, Yamamoto T. Extra-genital lichen sclerosus in a patient with anti-SS-A antibody. Our Dermatol Online. 2019;10(3):310-311.

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Sir,

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disease generally affecting oral and genital areas, and rarely occurs on the neck, shoulders, upper trunk, axillae, and thighs. We describe herein a case of extra-genital LS involving a large area on the back, in which serum anti-SS-A antibody was detected.

A 25-year-old female was referred to our department, complaining of symptomless, whitish macules on the nape and upper back that appeared six months previously. On physical examination, macular lesions were located on the nape, upper back, and lower back (Fig. 1a). A number of whitish spots were observed within the large round, slightly shiny macules on the nape extending to the upper back (Fig. 1b). On the lower back, a few erythematous macules also had pigmented spots (Fig. 1c). There was no skin sclerosis. A biopsied specimen taken from the upper back showed that the epithelium was reduced in thickness, and moderate liquefaction was found in the basal layers. The most remarkable feature was homogenized and hyalinized degeneration of collagen fibers with marked edema just below the epidermis (Fig. 2). Laboratory data on blood chemistry including liver and renal function were within the normal range. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (1:80, homogeneous and speckled) and anti-SS-A antibody (83.0 U/ml) were detected in the serum, whereas rheumatoid factor, and serum antibodies against SS-B, thyroid and microsome were all within normal ranges. A diagnosis of LS was made. There were no other similar appearing lesions on her body including genitalia. We applied topical corticosteroid (betamethasone butyrate propionate) ointment, and the lesions gradually improved after two months. In the present case, atrophic macules were observed relatively diffusely on the back without vulvar involvement. The differential diagnosis of LS includes generalized morphea and vitiligo-like depigmentation associated with systemic sclerosis, which were denied by histological examination LS is sometimes associated with other autoimmune diseases, among which autoimmune thyroid disease is the most frequent [1–3]. In our patient, serological examination revealed positive ANA (1:80) and anti-SS-A antibody, whereas anti-SS-B antibody was within normal ranges. Additionally, she denied sicca syndrome. Detailed tear and saliva examination denied Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS). To date, anti-SS-A antibody has been detected in only one co-existence case of LS and systemic sclerosis [4]. A previous study examined the association of LS and autoimmune disease, and found no association with SjS in 190 female patients with LS [1]. Also, other studies examined autoantibodies in a number of patients with LS; however, anti-SS-A antibody was not detected [2,3]. In a recent report from Lebanon, nine out of 60 LS patients (15%) had at least one associated autoimmune disease, among which five cases of localized scleroderma, three cases of autoimmune thyroid disease, and one case of SLE were observed [5], but none had SjS. In conclusion, to our knowledge, there have been no reports on associated cases of LS and SjS; however, our patient is under follow-up to examine whether SjS will develop in the future.

Consent

The examination of the patient was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles.

REFERENCES

1. Cooper SM, Ali I, Baldo M, Wojnarowska F. The association of lichen sclerosus and erosive lichen planus of the vulva with autoimmune disease:a case-control study. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1432-5.

2. Kreuter A, Kryvosheyeva Y, Terras S, Moritz R, Möllenhoff K, Altmeyer P, et al. Association of autoimmune diseases with lichen sclerosus in 532 male and female patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93:238-41.

3. Meyrick-Thomas RH, Ridley CM, McGibbon DH, Black MM. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and autoimmunity:a study of 350 women. Br J Dermatol. 1988;118:41-6.

4. Branişteanu DE, Branişteanu DC, Stoleriu G, Ferariu D, Voicu CM, Stoica LE, et al. Histopathological and clinical traps in lichen sclerosus:a case report. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2016;57:817-23.

5. Knio Z, Kurban M, Abbas O. Lichen sclerosis:clinicopathological study of 60 cases from Lebanon. Int J Dermatol. 2016;55:1076-81.

Notes

Source of Support: Nil

Conflict of Interest: None declared.