2013.4-28.Eponymsvaccine

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (Historically Vaccin Bilié de Calmette et Guérin commonly referred as Bacille de Calmette et Guérin or BCG) is a vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis. It is named for, Léon Charles Albert Calmette (1863-1933), (Fig. 1), who was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist and Jean-Marie Camille Guérin (1872–1961), (Fig. 2), who was a French veterinarian, bacteriologist and immunologist.

Figure 1. Léon Charles Albert Calmette (1863-1933).

Figure 2. Jean-Marie Camille Guérin (1872-1961).

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) sometimes Landry’s paralysis or Guillain–Barré–Strohl
syndrome, is an acute polyneuropathy, a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The disease is usually triggered by an infection but reported to follow vaccination. The French physician Jean Landry (1826-1865), (Fig. 5), first described the disorder in 1859. In 1916, Georges Guillain (1876-1961), (Fig. 6), who was a French neurologist and Jean Alexandre Barré (1880-1967), (Fig. 7), who was a French neurologist, and André Strohl André Strohl (1887- 1977), (Fig. 8), who was a French physiologist diagnosed two soldiers with the illness and described the key diagnostic abnormality of increased spinal-fluid protein production, but normal cell count. Canadian-born neurologist, C. Miller Fisher , described the variant that bears his name
in 1956. Charles Miller Fisher, usually known as C. Miller Fisher (1913- 2012), (Fig. 9), was a pioneering neurologist.

Figure 5. Jean Baptiste Octave Landry de Thézillat (1826-1865).	Figure 6. Georges Charles Guillain (1876-1961).
Figure 7. Jean Alexandre Barré (1880-1967).	Figure 8. André Strohl (1887-1977).
Figure 9. C. Miller Fisher (1913-2012).

Also known as, Schönlein–Henoch purpura. It is named for,Eduard Heinrich Henoch (1820– 1910), (Fig.10), a German pediatrician, and his teacher Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864), (Fig. 11), who described it in the 1860s. This type of vasculitis has been reported to follow vaccination.

Figure 10. Eduard Heinrich Henoch (1820-1910).

Figure 11. Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793-1864).

It is another name for antiphospholipid syndrome, a pro-thrombotic condition was described in 1983 which was characterised by the presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies, as well as peripheral thrombosis, a tendency to internal organ involvement, repeated miscarriage, and, occasionally, thrombocytopenia. Named after, Graham Robert Vivian Hughes, (Fig. 12), an English rheumatologist. It is reported to follow vaccination.

Figure 12. Graham Robert Vivian Hughes.

Edward Jenner (1749-1823), (Fig. 13), an English doctor, was the first to study and report on the effects of the use of cowpox vaccination to prevent smallpox.

Figure 13. Edward Jenner (1749- 1823). A courtesy of National library of Medicine.

Also known as, Lambert-Eaton-Rooke syndrome. It is a rare autoimmune disorder that is characterised by muscle weakness of the limbs. Around 60% of those with LEMS have an underlying malignancy. Lambert, Eaton and Rooke at the Mayo Clinic were the first physicians to substantially describe the clinical and electrophysiological findings of the disease in 1956. Lealdes (Lee) McKendree Eaton (1905-1958), an american neurologist, Edward Howard Lambert (1915-2003), (Fig. 14), an american neurophysiologist, and Edward Douglas Rooke (1912-2001), a canadian physician.

Figure 14. Edward Howard Lambert (1915-2003).

The term „Marjolin’s ulcer” has been generally accepted to refer to a long-term malignant complication of the scars resulting from burns. However, vaccination, snake bites, osteomyelitis, pilonidal abscesses, pressure sores, and venous stasis may also induce this tumor. It is named after Jean-Nicolas Marjolin (1780 –1850), (Fig. 15), who was a French surgeon and pathologist. It was pointed out that Marjolin did not describe the condition he is eponymously credited with, but that the false ascription to him arose over time.

Figure 15. Jean-Nicolas Marjolin (1780-1850).

In the 1990s the term „functional somatic syndromes” was applied to several syndromes, including Sick building syndrome (SBS) (a term coined for a set of clinically recognizable symptoms and ailments without a clear cause reported by occupants of a building), multiple chemical sensitivity, repetition stress injury, the side effects of silicone breast implants, the Gulf War syndrome (GWS), chronic fatigue syndrome, the irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia. Recently, Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin suggested that four conditionssiliconosis, macrophagic myofascitis, the GWS, and post-vaccination phenomena-which share clinical and pathogenic resemblances, may be included under a common syndrome entitled the „autoimmune (auto-inflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvants”(ASIA), also known as Shoenfeld’s syndrome. ASIA may also be precipitated by silicon in silicone-filled breast implants (Silicone implant incompatibility syndrome; SIIS). Shoenfeld’s syndrome is named for Yehuda Shoenfeld, M.D., FRCP (Hon). (Fig. 16), the head of Zbludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel-Hashomer, who and his team elaborated on the above medical conditions.

Figure 16. Yehuda Shoenfeld, M.D, FRCP(Hon).

Adult-onset Still’s disease may be precipitated or relapsed after vaccination for hepatitis. In one study no long-term adverse events were reported after influenza vaccination in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and control group. Thirty-five percent of children with JIA experienced flare of the disease after vaccination. Protective antibodies against at least 2 vaccine viruses 6 months after vaccination were detected in all patients. Adult-onset Still’s disease is a systemic inflammatory disease. The classic presentation is the triad of persistent high spiking fever, joint pain and a distinctive salmon-colored rash. Still’s disease is named after English physician Sir George Frederic Still (1861-1941), (Fig. 17).

Figure 17. The original legend read as „Portrait of George Frederick Still (from the painting by Gerald Kelly, RA), reproduced with permission from Corporate and Legal Services, Kings College Hospital NHS Trust’’, from reference number 27.