N Dermatol Online. 2011; 2(2): 81-100
Conflicts of interest: None
DERMATOLOGY EPONYMS – PHENOMEN / SIGN – DICTIONARY (C)
Brzeziński Piotr1, Passarini Beatrice2, Nogueira Ana3, Sokołowska-Wojdyło Małgorzata4
16th Military Support Unit, Ustka, Poland. brzezoo77@yahoo.com
2Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Nephrological Diseases, Dermatologic Clinic, S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. beatrice.passarini@unibo.it
3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital S João, EPE, Porto, Portugal. anacatu@hotmail.com
4Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical Uniersity of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland mwojd@gumed.edu.pl
How to cite an article: Brzeziński P, Passarini B, Nogueira A. Dermatology eponyms – phenomen / sign –dictionary (C). Our Dermatol Online 2011; 2(2): 81-100.
CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN SIGN
The bright red coloration skin and internal organs due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
CARDINAL SIGNS
(of inflammation), known as dolor, calor, rubor, tumor and functio laesa. These are the signs of acute inflammation as described by A.C. Celsus about 2000 years ago. Due to the release of certain chemical mediators we get calor and dolor; the result of increased blood flow with blood vessel congestion. Dolor and tumor are the result of increased permeability of blood vessels with blood and fluids escaping outside the vessels.
AULUS AURELIUS CORNELIUS CELSUS
(25 BC-AD 50) was a Roman writer on medicine and surgery. He wrote several works, of which only one remains entire, his treatise De Medicina in eight books. Probably lived in Gallia Narbonensis.
 Figure 1. Aulus Aurelius Cornelius Celsus
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CAMP-FEVER SIGN – TYPHUS FEVER
Epidemic typhus (also called „camp fever”, „jail fever”, „hospital fever”, „ship fever”, „famine fever”, „putrid fever”, „petechial fever”, „Epidemic louse-borne typhus” and „louse-borne typhus”) is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters. The causative organism is Rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis).
 Figure 2. Camp-Fever sign
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 Figure 3. Pediculus humanus
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CARO-SENEARA LESIONS
A pattern of psoriasis that should be distinguised from dermatitis. These depressed plaques are often on the sides of the fingers or border of the hand and have central umbilication.
MARCUS R. CARO
1951-1960. Directors and consultants American Board of Dermatology. Instructor in Dermatology and Syphilology in the Medical School, 1915-1916, Chicago. Dr. Caro was recognized for his outstanding teaching skills and had chaired many post-graduate courses and seminars in dermatopathology.
 Figure 4. Marcus R. Caro
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FRANCIS E. SENEAR
1889-1958. In his long academic career, Dr. Senear served in many leadership positions of a variety of dermatology societies including chairman of the Sections of Dermatology of the American Medical Association and the Illinois State Medical Society, president of the Chicago Dermatological Society (1927), president of the American Dermatological Association (1938), president of the American Board of Dermatology (1946-1949), and president of American Academy of Dermatology (1955). Dr. Senear has authored many dermatological articles and the most noticeable was his article entitled “An unusual case of pemphigus combining features of lupus erythematosus” which subsequently coined the term “Senear-Usher Syndrome” and this unique disease entity is now recognized as pemphigus erythematosus.
 Figure 5. Francis E. Senear
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CARPET-TACK SIGN
Discoid lupus erythematosus is a form of cutaneous lupus that presents as erythematous, hyperkeratotic, scaly plaques on sun-exposed areas. It is usually seen in young adults, with women affected twice as frequently as men. When the edges of these plaques are pulled back, the undersurface may look like that of carpet tacking.
CARRIÓN’S SIGN
synonym – verruca peruana, Peruvian wart, haemorrhagic pian. A soft conical or pedunculated papule that erupts in groups as a manifestation of the second stage of Bartonellosis. Anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes from miliary size to several centimeters.
DANIEL ALCIDES CARRIÓN
Peruvian medical student, born 1850, Cerro de Pasco, died October 5, 1885. As a new factor of the problem was a noticeable increase in verruca peruana. This disease, which manifests with wart-like skin eruptions of various shapes and sizes, had been present in Peru already in pre-Columbian times. From 1881 he conducted extensive research on verruga peruane, including clinical studies at the Dos de Mayo hospital in Lima. Carrion recognised that the disease was endemic, but not contagious, and that it was caused by an „agente verrucoso”, possibly by a parasite attacking the blood and destroying leucocytes. In order to find out whether the disease could be inoculated and to study its clinical course, Carrión decided to conduct an experiment on himself. On August 27, 1885, Carrion took blood from a redly coloured verruca in the area of the eyebrows from a 14 year old boy. Carrion experienced the first symptoms of the disease on September 17, on October 5 he succumbed to the disease. The Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión in Pasco, Peru, is named for him. Carrión cost him his life proving that, in fact, Oroya fever, and warts Peruvian are two manifestation of the same infectious diseases, today often referred to as a Carrión disease or bartonelloza. In 1909, Alberto Barton has detected the pathogen causing the disease, later called Bartonella bacilliformis.
 Figure 6. Daniel Alcides Carrión
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CARROT SIGN – CAROTENEMIA
The yellow pigmentation of the skin from excess carotene intake. Also associated with mangoes, pawpaw and oranges. May indicate a defect in the enzymatic conversion of vitamin A. Also seen in hyperbetalipoproteinaemia.
 Figure 7. Carrot sign
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CARTER’S SIGN
– Asiatic relapsing fever Infection characterized by one or more attacks of fever beginning and ending abruptly and separated by an afebrile period of varying duration. The disease is prevalent in many parts of the world. The causative organism is a spirochete of the genus Spirochaeta (Borrelia) and transmission is by infected lice or ticks. Occurs in places where poverty and overcrowding predispose to human infestation with lice, during wars, when good hygiene is impossible.
HENRY VANDYKE CARTER
Anglo-indian physican – (22. may 1831-4. may 1897). Anatomist, surgeon, and anatomical artist most notable for his illustrations of the book, Gray’s Anatomy. He was formally educated at Hull Grammar School before moving to London to study medicine at St. George’s Hospital. In 1852 he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in June 1853 where he began studying human anatomy and comparative anatomy. In January 1858 he joined the Bombay Medical Service as an assistant surgeon (assistant surgeon), and in March of this year came to India. He was assigned to the middle of the armed forces of India and sent to the town of Mhow. In May 1858 he became professor of anatomy and physiology of the Grant Medical College. In 1870 he was promoted to surgeon in the same year a surgeon major, lieutenant colonel in 1878, the (surgeon-lieutenantcolonel) in 1882, he was commander of the brigade (brigade-surgeon). He studied leprosy and leishmaniasis patients (then known under various names, such as an from Aleppo ulcer ) in Italy, Greece, Algeria, Crete, Syria and Anatolia. Working in India dealt with tropical medicine and made her the many discoveries. During the great famine in India (1877-1888) he discovered the pathogen that causes a fever from the bite of rat (Spirillum minus). Previously presented a classic description of the fungal disease known as mycetoma (a term introduced to medicine).
 Figure 8. Henry Vandyke Carter
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CASAL’S NECKLACE SIGN
Lesions in the neck associated with hypersensitivity to sunlight in the course of Pellagra. Pellagra is a nutritional wasting illness caused by a deficiency of niacin (Vitamin B3) and tryptophan, in the body.
 Figure 9. Casal’s necklace sign
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 Figure 10. Casal’s necklace sign
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DON GASPAR CASAL
Spanish physican (1691-1759). Casal was known as the „Spanish hippocrates” and was physican to King Ferdinand. His book on pellagra was published 3 years after his dead. Pellagra was first identified among Spanish peasants by Don Gaspar Casal in 1735. A loathsome skin disease, it was called “mal de la Rosa” and often mistaken for leprosy.
CAT’S SIGN
– murine typhus Murine typhus (also called endemic typhus) is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats. (This is in contrast to epidemic typhus, which is usually transmitted by lice. Most people who are infected do not realize that they have been bitten by fleas. It is caused by the bacteria Rickettsia typhi, and is transmitted by the fleas that infest rats. Less often, endemic typhus is caused by Rickettsia felis and transmitted by fleas carried by cats or opossums. Symptoms may resemble those of measles, rubella, or possibly Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Murine typhus is found most commonly in southern California, Texas and Hawaii.
CAT SCRATCH SIGN
Lymphadenopathy and sepsis from the zoonotic Bartonella bacteria found in cats. After first being identified in 1985, Rochalimaea henselae, later reclassified as Bartonella henselae, was determined conclusively to be the primary organism causative of catscratch disease. Dr. Robert Debré was the first to recognize the cat as a vector for this disorder and coined the term “catscratch” disease and sign in 1931.
 Figure 11. Cat scratch sign
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 Figure 12. Cat scratch sign
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 Figure 13. Cat scratch sign
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ROBERT DEBRÉ
(1882, Sedan, Ardennes – 1978) was a French physician (pediatrician). He gave his name to the most important pediatric hospital in Paris, France. A member of the Académie de Médecine. In 1946, he wrote with Pr. Paul Rohmer a famous manual entitled „Traité de Pathologie Infantile” (2500 pages, 2 volumes) which became a reference for a whole generation of pediatricians.
 Figure 14. Robert Debré
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CAUTERY SIGNS
Often circular burn marks over areas of long standing pain. These areas have been burned as a form of primitive medical treatment for the condition. Burns on the hands and arms can mimic melanoma. There may be burns on the abdomen, back, and extremities. On the skull these cautery burns are sometimes in the form of a cross, inflicted as a treatment for headaches and fevers in childhood. In West Africa infants and children with febrile convulsions may be treated by plunging their feet into a cooking pot of boiling oil, causing horrific burns.
CAYENNE PEPPER PUS SIGN
Cayenne-pepper granules within drops of pus. A sign indicating actinomycosis.
 Figure 15. Cayenne pepper pus sign
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CHADWICK’S SIGN
Symptom seen in early pregnancy (6-8 weeks) consisting of bluish coloration of vaginal mucosa and vaginal part of the cervix. Is dependent on increased, due to pregnancy, blood supply to these areas, which leads to venous stasis. It belongs to the so-called probable signs of pregnancy (symptoms suggestive of pregnancy, however, does not allow her diagnosis) and is found during pelvic examination.
JAMES READ CHADWICK
(2 November 1844, Boston – 23 September 1905, Chocorua, New Hampshire) was an American gynecologist. Describing the Chadwick sign of early pregnancy in 1887. James Chadwick qualified with an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1871, and worked as a gynecologist in Boston. From 1871 to 1873 he studied obstetrics in Europe. From 1874 he worked at the Boston City Hospital. Became president of the American Gynaecological Society. He was a founder of the Boston Medical Library Association in 1875, and worked as the librarian until his death. He was voted president of the Association of Medical Librarians in 1904. He was the first president of the Harvard Medical Alumni Association in 1891. He was a supporter of women in the practice of medicine. He died suddenly in 1905 at his summer home in New Hampshire, probably as a result of a fall from a piazza roof.
 Figure 16. James Read Chadwick
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CHAGAS-CRUZ SIGN
Erratic fever, hepatosplenomegaly, brain and heart involvement. Also known as South American zoonotic protozoal trypanosomiasis. Caused by exposure to fecal of triatoma insects.
 Figure 17. Chagas-Cruz sign
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CARLOS JUSTINIANO RIBEIRO CHAGAS
Brazilian parasitologist and physician, 1879-1934. He discovered Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis in 1909, while working at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro. After a brief stint as a medical practitioner in the hinterlands, Chagas accepted a position in the port authority of Santos, São Paulo, with the mission of fighting the malaria epidemic. There he introduced an innovation, which consisted in using pyrethrum, an insecticide, to disinfect households, with surprising success. His published work on this method served as the basis of prevention of malaria all over the world.
 Figure 18. Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas
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OSWALDO GONÇALVES CRUZ
Brazilian parasitologist and physician, 1871-1917. At the age of 15 he started to study at the Faculty of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro and in 1892 he graduated as medical. Inspired by the great work of Louis Pasteur, four years later he went to Paris to specialize in Bacteriology at the Pasteur Institute. Cruz was initially successful in the sanitary campaign against the bubonic plague, to which end he used obligatory notification of cases, isolation of sick people, treatment with the sera produced at Manguinhos and extermination of the rats populating the city. On June 9, 1904, following a proposal by Oswaldo Cruz, the government presented a bill to the Congress requesting the reestablishment of obligatory smallpox vaccination. n 1907, on occasion of the 14th International Congress on Hygiene and Demography in Berlin, he was awarded with the gold medal in recognition of the sanitation of Rio de Janeiro.
 Figure 19. Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz
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CHAGRES’ SIGN
Synonym: Chagres River, Panama; L, febris. Malarial fever in Panamanian railroad workers. Chagres, a village of the Republic of Panama in the Colón Province.
CHARCOT’S SIGN
1. A sign of peripheral facial paralysis. 2. Intermittent limping. A sign of arteriosclerosis of the feet and legs. 3. Rareyying osteitis of a joint associated with tabes dorsalis.
 Figure 20. Charcot’s sign
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 Figure 21. Charcot’s sign
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 Figure 22. Charcot’s sign
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JEAN MARIE CHARCOT
1825-1893. French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as „the founder of modern neurology” and is „associated with at least 15 medical eponyms”, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). His work greatly influenced the developing fields of neurology and psychology. He was the „foremost neurologist of late nineteenth-century France” and has been called „the Napoleon of the neuroses”. He named and was the first to describe multiple sclerosis. He was also the first to describe a disorder known as Charcot joint.
 Figure 23. Jean Marie Charcot
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CHICKEN CHOLERA SIGN
A zoonotic disease caused by the Pasteurella bacterium. A contagious disease of fowls. Can cause septicaemic plague in humans. First described by Louis Pasteur. Opisany po raz pierwszy przez Ludwika Pasteur.
 Figure 24. Chicken cholera sign
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LUDWIK PASTEUR
(December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccine for rabies and anthrax. Work on diseases included work on chicken cholera. Both Institute Pasteur and Université Louis Pasteur were named after him.
 Figure 25. Ludwik Pasteur
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CHLORACNE SIGN
Chloracne of the face as an indication of dioxin poisoning.
 Figure 26. Chloracne sign
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 Figure 27. Chloracne sign
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 Figure 28. Chloracne sign
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CHINA POCKMARK SIGN
(before c. 1700, China). Eastern folkways ritual smallpox inoculations made between the thumb and forefinger resulting with pockmark scar.
CHLOROSIS SIGN
While mottling of the hair extending two inches from the head in a patient sick with chlorosis. Chlorosis, an affliction of young women through the ages, has recently disappeared from the records of Medicine. Victims of chlorosis were usually maidens in their middle teens. Physically they always seemed well-nourished. Their skin, however, had a greenish-yellow tinge, especially in brunettes. Such chlorotic girls constantly complained of being tired. Egvptians 3,500 years ago suffered from an „AAA disease” which resembled chlorosis. In the Middle Ages doctors called, it morbus virgineus (virgin’s disease). Shakespeare called it greensickness. Probably the most logical view was a long-continued iron deficiency in the diet. (Richelot c. 1800).
LOUIS GUSTAVE RICHELOT
(1806 – September 1893) was a French physician born in Nantes. In 1831 he earned his doctorate in Paris with the dissertation, De la uterine phlébite. During his career he worked as a dispensary physician and for the Bureaux de bienfaisance. He is remembered for providing French translations of English medical works.
 Figure 29. Louis Gustave Richelot
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CHOJNOWSKI’S SIGN
Chromidrosis, perspiralion with the color of and consistency of milk (Chojnowski 1863).
BRONISŁAW CHOYNOWSKI (CHOJNOWSKI)
(3 May 1836 Murzyńce (Ukraine) – April 6, 1870). Choynowski graduated with a gold medal, and the medical department at the Kiev University with honors (1858). Medical career began in Kiev, first as an assistant at the clinic as therapeutic, and later an active member of the Society of Doctors of Kiev. Experience gained in the clinic was the subject of several articles published in professional journals Kiev (eg „Sowremiennoja medicina). Received his doctorate in 1863 for his dissertation The diurnal temperature variation in healthy and diseased human. It was based not only on clinical experience, conducted on patients, since the first few months Choynowski examined his body temperature fluctuation, „spent sleepless nights with a thermometer in his hand”. In the same year 1863, he left for further studies in Krakow, Prague, Berlin, Vienna, and even Paris, where he practiced in the local hospitals. In Warsaw, at the Central School in 1865 was awarded the title of assistant professor and assistant professor of pathology and therapy in detail. At the same time began at the university lectures in dermatology. In 1867 he received the title of professor lecturer. Very active in the medical community: he was one of the founders of „Gazeta Physicians” (1866) and a member of the Medical Society of Warsaw, Krakow and Prague. Bronisław Chojnowski, above all deal with dermatology and research on fluctuations in body temperature (as the first began to use medical thermometer.) He authored 14 research papers in these areas and feature a short history of dermatology. Doctor on duty at the university clinic, contracted typhus and died at the age of 34 years.
 Figure 30. Bronisław Choynowski
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CHRISTMAS TREE
Distribution of the rash of pityriasis rosea.
 Figure 31. Christmas tree
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CIRRHOSIS BACK SIGN
Excoriations of the back secondary to scratching. An early sign of primary biliary cirrhosis.
CLARKE’S TONGUE SIGN
A fissured indurated tongue due a syphilis.
Sir CHARLES MANSFIELD CLARKE
(1st Baronet) English phisican, 1782-1857. After leaving St Paul’s School, he received his medical training at St George’s Hospital and the Hunterian School of Medicine. He spent two years as assistant surgeon in the Hertfordshire Militia. He left the army and, specialised in midwifery and in women’s and children’s diseases. Between the years 1804 and 1821, he delivered regular courses of lectures on these subjects. His reputation as a practitioner during these years reached great heights and numerous honours were bestowed on him, including the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1825, the appointment of Physician to Queen Adelaide in 1830, a baronetcy in 1831, and honorary degrees at Cambridge and Oxford in 1842 and 1845. He was president, and an enthusiastic supporter, of the Society for the
 Figure 32. Charles Mansfield Clarke
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CLAVICULAR SIGN
A tumefaction at the inner third of the right clavicle; seen in congenital syphilis. It’s an end result of neonatal periostitis. Also known as Higoumenaki’s sign. Sign has been described by Georgios Higoumenakisa in 1927 on the pages of the Greek journal Πρακτικ? Ιατρικ?ς Εταιρε?ας Αθην?ν (Reports of the Medical Society of Athens).
 Figure 33. Clavicular sign
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GEORGE HIGOUMENAKIS
(1895–1983) was a Greek dermatologist born in Iraklion of Crete (Greece). He studied medicine at the Medical School of the National University of Athens. He then chose to become a dermatologist and went to France to fulfil his desire. He was a student of Gaston Milian, a famous syphilologist, at the Hospital St. Louis. He returned to Greece in 1924, became a member of the Medical Society of Athens and began practicing medicine privately. He became a director of the Department of Dermatology at the hospital „Evaggelismos” and practiced medicine successfully until the 1940s.
 Figure 34. George Higoumenakis
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CLUBBED FINGERS SIGN
Clubbing of the fingers and fingernails as a sign of chronic anorexia, cirrhosis of the liver, and bacterial endocarditis. The ends of the fingers may have the appearance of drum sticks. Also called Hippocratic fingers.
 Figure 35. Clubbed fingers sign
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 Figure 36. Clubbed fingers sign
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COBB’S SIGN
Sudden fever with pigmentation of the nose and cheeks seen in India.
STANLEY COBB
(December 10, 1887 – February 25, 1968) was a neurologist and could be considered „the founder of biological psychiatry in the United States. In 1925 he was named Harvard’s Bullard Professor of Neuropathology. In 1956, Cobb received the George M. Kober Medal for his contributions to medicine.
 Figure 37. Stanley Cobb
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COCHIN SIGN
Elephantiasis of the leg. Sign caused by Wurcheria malayi. Clarke in 1709 roku called elephantiasis of the legs in Cochin, South India „Malabar legs”, (see Menon).
 Figure 38. Cochin sign
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“CLUSTER OF JEWELS” SIGN
Cutaneous lesions of linear IgA bullous disease (LABD) are usually nonscarring blisters, often extensive on trunk and extremities. They are characterized by the “cluster of jewels” sign, with vesicles and bullae at edges of polycylic lesions.
 Figure 39. “Cluster of jewels” sign
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 Figure 40. “Cluster of jewels” sign
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COMBY SIGN
White patches of degenerated epithelium on the buccal mucous membrane and gingival tissues. An early sign of measles (rubeolla).
 Figure 41. Comby sign
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JULES COMBY
French paediatrician, 1858-1942. He published the influential Traité des maladies de l’enfance (Treatise of the Diseases of Childhood).
 Figure 42. Jules Comby
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COMPLETE PTOSIS SIGN
Third cranial nerve palsy. A sign seen in cerebrospinal syphilis.
COOL SIDE SIGN
Unilateral anhidrosis found with lung carcinoma. Caused by destruction of the unilateral superior cervical ganglion resulting with the inability to sweat on the affected side.
COYOTE SIGN
A rare zoonotic Brucella, disease from coyotes and dogs.
CRAB TUBERCULOSIS SIGN
A zoonotic pulmonary disease that resembles tuberculosis and can sometimes have CNS and dermalologic involvement. Caused by the ingestion of undercooked crabs and crayfish containing the Paragonimus fluke.
CORLETT’S SIGN
A contagiosa bullosa from of impetigo beginning on the face.
 Figure 43. Corlett’s sign
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WILLIAM THOMAS CORLETT
American dermatologist, 1854 – 1948. Introduced new methods to treat skin and venereal diseases, and researched the effect of climate, particularly cold, on skin diseases. He attended Oberlin College from 1870- 73, and graduated with an M.D. from Wooster University Medical College of Wooster in 1877. In 1882 Corlett was appointed lecturer, then in 1884 professor, on skin and genito-urinary diseases at Wooster. In 1890, his title at WRU was changed to professor of dermatology and syphilology. As a member of the Board of Health in 1893, Corlett fought for better lighting and ventilation in public schools.
 Figure 44. William Thomas Corlett
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CORRIGAN SIGN
1. A purplish line between the gums and teeth, due to chronic copper intoxication. Syn. Corrigan Line. 2. A jerky carotid pulse characterized by full expansion followed by quick collapse
Sir DOMINIC JOHN CORRIGAN
Irish physician, born December 1, 1802, Dublin; died February 1, 1880, Dublin. Received his first medical education in Dublin and then went to Edinburgh, where he received his doctorate in 1825. Corrigan returned to Dublin to open his own practice and subsequently became lecturer of medicine at the school of Diggs Street, Peter Street and Richmond Hospital. He was appointed physician to the Cork Street Fever Hospital, where he commenced his clinical-pathological work. In 1830 he became attached to „the Charitable Infirmary”, Jervis Street Hospital, in Dublin. Despite the fact that he disposed of only six beds, he there conducted a series of pioneering experiments which have become famous on the symptomatology of heart disease. In 1856 he was elected member of the Irish College of Physicians (or: King and Queen’s College of Physicians in Ireland?). He was also president of the Pathological Society of which he had been co-founder in 1838, and in 1875 became the first president of the Pharmaceutical society. Corrigan was created a baronet in 1866. Corrigan was responsible for the improvement of Dublin’s water supply.
 Figure 45. Dominic John Corrigan
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CRAW CRAW SIGN
A form of pustular eczema found in West Africa.
CRESCENTIC NOTCH SIGN
There are depressions or notching of the incisal edges of the labial surfaces of the permanent incisors. A sign of congenital syphilis. Also called Hutchinson’s Incisor sign and Screwdriver Teeth sign.
 Figure 46. Crescentic notch sign
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Sir JONATHAN HUTCHINSON
English surgeon. 1828-1913. He received his professional qualification from Bartholomew’s Hospital in 1850. During his student days in London Hutchinsom became involved with philanthropic Quaker Missions, with the aim of alleviating misery and uplifting the impoverished. In 1851 he studied ophthalmology at Moorfields and was an ophthalmologist to the London Ophthalmic Hospital. He was also venereologist to the Lock Hospital, physician to the City of London Chest Hospital, and general surgeon to the London and Metropolitan Hospitals. Hutchinson developed a special interest in congenital syphilis, which was common in London in his time. It is said that he saw more than one million patients with syphilis in his lifetime. Hutchinson was a member of the Dermatological Society of London. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons from 1862 and professor of surgery there from 1879 to 1883. Hutchinson had a vast clinical experience and he published his observations in more than 1,200 medical articles. Produced the quarterly Archives of Surgery. In England the term morbus Hutchinson-Boeck has been used for benign lymphogranulomatosis, now commonly known as Boeck’s sarcoid. President of the Pathological Society 1879-1880, president of the Ophthalmological Society of Great Britain 1884-1885, president of the Royal College of Surgeons 1889, president of the Neurological Society 1887, president of the Medical Society of London 1892, president of the International Dermatological Congress 1896. For a brief period of time he was the editor of the British Medical Journal.
 Figure 47. Jonathan Hutchinson
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CROWE’S SIGN (AXILLARY FRECKLING)
Appears as multiple 1- to 4-mm freckling spots in the xillary vault and is seen in 25 to 50% of patients with neurofibromatosis.
 Figure 48. Crowe’s sign
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CROWE FRANK W.
American physician (1919-1987).
 Figure 49. Crowe Frank W.
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CROWN OF VENUS SIGN
Papular lesions of secondary syphilis on the forehead near the hair margin.
MIKHAIL AFANASIEVICH BULGAKOV
(1891–1940) was a Russian physician-writer whose doctor stories are based on his experience as a rural physician in a small village called Nikolskoye in the province of Smolensk.1(p8) Nikolskoye was his first assignment after studying medicine at Kiev University. After 18 months in Nikolskoye, he went on to specialize in venereology in Kiev. Shortly thereafter, he gave up a career in medicine for writing. All his life he was sceptical to the Soviet system and used his satire against the regime. He worked on his main work, The Master and Margarita, from 1928 until his death. The novel was not published in his lifetime.
 Figure 50. Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov
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CUCKOOPINT SIGN
Purging, cold clammy skin, with swelling of the tongue. Indicates poisoning from arum maculatum. Also known as Arum Maculatum sign.
 Figure 51. Arum maculatum
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CULLEN SIGN
In the skin surrounding the navel appear pale blue staining. These are secondary changes in the peritoneum following a hematoma in acute pancreatitis.
 Figure 52. Cullen sign
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THOMAS STEPHEN CULLEN
(1869-1953),was a canadian gynecologist associated with Johns Hopkins Hospital. Cullen was educated at the Toronto Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto, graduating from the latter school with a Bachelor of Medicine degree in 1890. He began studying at Johns Hopkins University the next year, before traveling to Germany and studying at Johannes Orth’s laboratory at the University of Göttingen in 1893. From 1893 to 1896, Cullen was in charge of gynecological pathology at Johns Hopkins, and in 1919 he was named a professor of clinical gynecology. Cullen researched gynecological diseases including uterine cancer and ectopic.
 Figure 53. Thomas Stephen Cullen
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Figure 14, 42 Estelle LAMBERT BIUMInfo 12, rue de l’Ecole de Médecine – 75006 Paris, France estelle.lambert@bium.parisdescartes.fr
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